Water and child

Child development is closely related to water in all its aspects. At birth the total weight of the infant is 73% of fluids. Adult having 58% of fluids. Important of water in children:-

1. Children need more water than adults because of their large consumption of energy.
2. Young Infants do not require any addition food or water or any other drinks.
3. Breast milk alone is adequate to meet the hydration requirement even under the extremely hot & dry summer.
4. Infants easy to get dehydration because of infants rate of metabolism is increased that adult.
5. Introduction of semisolid foods during second half of the first year.
6. During this period given small amount of fluids if introduction of water to mix the weaning food & fruit juice.
7. Children should be encourage to drink water if they are not thirst.
8. Child health & development can be affected by contaminated drinking water.
9. Today many children bottled sodapopar soft drinks to be taken.
10. Soft drinks contain sugar & caffine, it leads to child dehydration.
11. If the children taking unhygienic & contaminated water to develop water- born infections disease.

Water Born Diseases:-
Bacterial infections:-
-Botalism
– Cholera, E- coil, Dysintery, Leptospirosis, Salmonellosis, Typhoid fever
Viral Infection:-
Gastro enteritis, SARS (CORONO VIRUS), Hepatitis A, Poliomyelitis
Protozol Infection:-
Amoebiasis, Giardiasis
PARASITI INFECTION:-
-Taeniasis – Ascariasis, Enterobiasis.

Preventive Measures:-
1. Advice the Parents 5-6 months of child’s to given exclusive breast feeding.

2. Explain the family members to be maintained clean environment.

3. Drinking water for the baby should be given boiled & cold water at least for the first year of life.

4. Advice the child to practice good hand washing technique after toileting and before eating.

5. Advice the mother stored water should be kept in covered pot & taken out with a long handle mug.

6. Advice the parents to be given immunization to prevent some of the water born infection e.g. polio, Typhoid, Hepatitis, A,

7. Advice the parents soft drinks can leads to diabetes, Obesity & Oestoporosis, to be avoid soft drinks given to the children.

8. Advice the Parents water is directly related to the prevention & Cure of child hood asthma with out medication.

So the children encourage to more amount of hygienic water taken.

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Diabetes and pregnancy

Diabetes is increasing throughout the world at an alarming rate. More and more young people are diagnosed to have diabetes.

Consequently, number of pregnancies complicated by high blood sugar is also increasing diabetes during pregnancy is a very serious health problem affecting both the mother and that baby. It requires lot of effort from the doctors and the pregnant women to cope with it.

CLASSIFICATION:

Diabetes in pregnancy can be of two types

1. Pre-gestational Diabetes- Diabetes is present even before the patient becomes pregnant.

2. Gestational Diabetes – Development of diabetes for the first time during pregnancy. It usually resolves after delivery.

PROBLEMS OF DIABETIC PREGNANCY:

In Pre-gestational diabetic, recurrent abortions, still birth, cardiac and neurological malformations, macrosomia (larger baby) can happen to the baby. In both pre-gestational and gestational diabetes, after delivery, baby may develop hypoglycemia, respiratory distress syndrome, jaundice, hypocalcemia (low calcium).

For the mother, chances of caesarean section are high and she is at high risk for PIH (Pregnancy Induced Hypertension) and Birth canal injuries during delivery.

Gestational Diabetes (GDM)
Pregnancy induces a state of insulin resistance and susceptible persons develop GDM.

Risk factors for GDM:

1. Obesity.
2. Age more than 25 years
3. Family history of diabetes.
4. Previous history of large baby (>4kg)
5. Bad obstetric history (recurrent abortions stillbirth etc.,)
6. Presence of hypertension/dyslipidemia

Whom do you screen for GDM:

Because India is having maximum number of diabetic population, all pregnant women irrespective of the presence of risk factors, should be screened for GDM using 75 g or 100 g “Glucose Tolerance Test” (GTT) around 5th month of pregnancy.

Management:

Management of diabetic pregnancy requires multidisciplinary approach involving diabetologist, gynecologist and paediatrician.

Strict sugar control is very important. It requires lot of motivation, education & counseling to the pregnant mother & their family members.

Blood sugar should be monitored using glucometer at home by the patient & they should aim for near normal blood sugar (fasting sugar should be less than 100mgs/dl and 2 hrs post prandial should be less than 120 gms/dl. Regular consultation with diabetologist, Periodical ultrasonogram of abdomen to assess fetal one vital for successful completion of pregnancy.

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Working out with diabetes

Young diabetic athletes and diabetic children usually have type-1 diabetes and require multiple insulin injections daily. They need a more intensive approach to exercise- related matters when compared with diabetics in the general population. Knowledge and practice of the recent guidelines will help diabetic athletes- professional and amateur- compete on equal terms with other athletes.

The guidelines emphasise having a comprehensive written plan –a Diabetes Care Plan, and letting teachers, trainers, fellow athletes, etc, have copies of it. The plan should include the following information relevant to the individual athlete/child:

· How often do you need to monitor blood glucose?

· What are the pre-exercise values of blood sugar below and above which exercise is unsafe? Teachers and coaches need this information to decide whether it is safe to allow play.

· What insulin do you use, and how much?

· How do you adjust the dose for planned as well as unplanned activity?

· How do you correct high blood glucose levels before and after exercise?

· How do you recognize, prevent and treat low blood glucose levels (hypoglycaemia) during exercise?

· How do you administer an injection of glucagons to treat hypoglycaemia?

· How do you recognize, prevent and treat high blood glucose levels (hyperglycaemia)?

· How do you recognize the symptoms and signs of diabetic ketosis?

· What other medication is the athlete/child using?

· Who should one contact in an emergency?

Since it is unlikely that everyone will have sufficient knowledge of a diabetic athlete’s medical condition, a prominent medical alert bracelet will help caregivers focus sooner on diabetes-related issues during an emergency. This is important because a few minutes’ delay in the diagnosis and treatment of hypoglycaemia can cause permanent brain damage.

Exercise in diabetes, even with all the trouble, is just as important for health in diabetics as it is in the general population. Many parents find it easier to forbid their children from playing sports rather than go through all this hassle. But consider this: children will play no matter how much parents and teachers forbid it, so the only question is whether they do it safety or not.

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Get Sporty

* Sportswear-soft fabrics should only be used. Avoid bright shades as it increases the heat in the body.
* Shoes-comfortable shoes that is neither too big, nor too tight. Have enough room for your feel to breath.
* Water bottle-since you will be working out for a long hours, always carry a water bottle filled with water.
* Towels-Get nice absorbent towels.
* Instant pain-relievers (sprays and tablets)-Being a sports person, one will be prone to injurious and first Aid are very useful for it. Carrying a spray painkiller would be advisable to get quick relief.

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Long hours not a good measure for hard work

The recession is taking its toll on the best of us. With the mounting economic distress, simply having a job seems like a blessing.moreover, being able to hold on to a job during a series of cost-cutting and layoffs forums a major triumph.

In fact, this tremendous pressure on job security is pushing people to work harder with gruelling hours and crazy schedules. They have no choice but to put their career first, and work/life balance has become the principle sacrifice at the altar of recession.

What most people fail to realize is that the constant battle for survival bring its own physical and emotional toll, making them a walking recipe for disaster. Gaining at least a semblance of balance between your work and the rest of your life is more important now than ever and is the only way to manage the chaos.besides; it will enable you to do your job better.

Yet, while striking a work/life balance was never easy, today’s challenging times have made the prospect harder than ever. This is not to say that you just cannot lead a full and rewarding personal life at all. There are lots of places to start once you realize the need to maintain a balance to outride the stress and tension.

Get priorities right: there will always be various things competing for your time and attention. You need to attend a meeting. Complete a project, instruct a subordinate, reply to your emails, and negotiate with a client and so on. Similarly, on the home front, you have to attend your son’s cricket match, help him with his homework, care for a sick parent, and spend some time with your spouse and also read that new book. These numerous demands pull you in different directions and scatter your attention, making it tough to get almost anything done.

Take an honest look and figure out what you really want and what you are willing to give up. Then either postpone or entirely eliminate the extra obligations that are counterproductive and wastefully eat into your time. This will free you for the more important tasks and let you focus on making the top priorities happen.

Use technology: numerous flexible options like telecommuting and flex-time have emerged that can make your working life infinitely easier. What’s more, the recession has made employers more amenable as they can conveniently cut costs and overheads.

So, check your company policy on the flexible options offered and remember that you will not lose anything by asking for accommodations. If your boss is different, explain that job-sharing or working from home at least on some days will make you more productive while letting you meet your personal responsibilities. Even if it entails a smaller pay cheque, the extra time can often compensate for the lost money.

Draw line: experts opine that there is no direct correlation between the number of hours you work and your chances of holding on to the job.so pause and reflect a while on both the choices and sacrifices you have made. There is no gripping compulsion to work longer hours and you should draw the line when it comes to your personal time. Schedule sufficient family time and keep your blackberry, laptop and other devices. Sacrilegiously off-limits. Explain to your boss that you will mostly be unavailable during weekends or will not take work home. Also, instead of working round the clock learn to work smarter by managing your tasks over a reasonable period of time.

Life outside work: never make the mistake of devoting yourself entirely to your work. It will ultimately reduce your productivity and overall satisfaction. Build a healthy network of family and friends that will work both as an outlet as well as a support system. You can also talk to different people in your circle and discuss tips on how they are managing to maintain a balance during this downturn.therefore, a mix of discipline and smart choices will enable you to free up at least a few extra hours in your life!

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