Today many diseases are known to be linked to lifestyle behaviors such as smoking, lack of adequate physical activity and poor natural habits. The World Health Organisation (WHO) reports that nearly one-third of early death and disability stems from nutritional or dietary causes, including too little food in the poorest countries and too much food in the richest.
Nutrition is, in part, a preventive science. Given sufficient resources, how and what one eats is a lifestyle choice. Health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not just the absence of disease or infirmity.
Good nutrition is essential for good health and important for physical growth and development, good body composition, and mental development. People’s nutritional state can protect them from predispose them toward chronic disease. Medical treatment for many diseases includes diet therapy. Nutrition is thus both a preventive and therapeutic science.
Nutritional needs vary individually, depending on a variety of factors including age, sex, level of physical activity, metabolic rate and state of health.
To maintain health and function efficiently, our bodies need 13 vitamins and 16 minerals as well as fats, carbohydrates and protein, although it is not a nutrient, our bodies also need plenty of water. By eating a variety of foods in sensible proportion from all the food groups we can obtain optimum levels of every nutrient needed to maintain good health.
Three main rules should govern what we eat:
- Food should nourish
- It should help to safeguard health-and when necessary should play a role in fighting ailments or disease.
- It should also look and taste good.
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